The state of Penang comprises Penang Island, where George Town serves as the capital city, and Seberang Perai on the mainland of Peninsular Malaysia. The two are connected by the Penang Bridge and the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge (Penang Second Bridge), while the historic ferry route continues to provide a link between George Town and Butterworth across the channel.
George Town occupies the northeastern corner of Penang Island and serves as the state's cultural, administrative and commercial centre. The popular beach destinations of Tanjung Tokong, Tanjung Bungah, Batu Ferringhi and Teluk Bahang stretch along the island's northern coastline, while Balik Pulau lies in the southwest amid scenic countryside and agricultural landscapes. Penang International Airport is located in Bayan Lepas on the southeastern tip of the island.
Across the channel, Seberang Perai is home to major mainland towns including Butterworth, Bukit Mertajam and Nibong Tebal, as well as expanding commercial, industrial and residential areas that complement the island's tourism and urban development.
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